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Dr. Kalle Ruttik, Dr. Usman Sheik, Dr. Fayezeh Ghavimi,  M.Sc. Estefanos Menta, M.Sc Behnam Bahidi, M.Sc. Hamidreza Shariatrmadari, M.Sc. Aleksi Marttinen

• 5G Ultra dense networks (UDNs)
  Network densification is one of the key approaches to meet the 5G data rate targets in the enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) scenario. In UDNs, the base stations are embedded in lampposts. If UDNs are used to serve vehicular traffic, the number of handovers is going to be large and unless the handover procedures is changed, the associated handover signaling will become a bottleneck. In  project, we are developing an UDN testbed system to test new mobility concept, in which the network follows the user based on uplink beacons and the transmission and selects the reception points (TRPs) in a transparent manner without the need for explicit signaling between the network and user equipment. This work we do in close collaboration with Huawei.
• 5G Ulra reliable low latency communications (URRLC)
  URRLC is targeted for mission critical communication applications that have tight requirements in terms of link reliability and latency. To meet the set reliability target of >99.999%, not just the communication link need to be reliable but also all the control signaling associated with the communication need to be reliable. We have been studying the impact of control channel reliability on URLLC. We are subcontracted by Nokia to perform this research. The work belongs to  project.
• Capillary networks for machine type communications
  In capillary networks, a short range wireless (sensor) network is connected to Internet through cellular connectivity. An example application is tracking of people, material and tools in construction sites based on Bluetooth beacons. This we have implemented in project.
• Cloudification of Narrowband IoT base station
  We have implemented NB-IoT base station using software defined radio using C++. The base station does all base band processing in a standard Linux computer or container. 
  

Dr. Ruifeng Duan, M.Sc Behnam Bahidi,  M.Sc  M.Sc Xiyu Wangm, M.Sc. Hany Elemy

• Ambient backscatter communications (AmBC)
  In AmBC, a device communicates by modulating and backscattering the ambient signal imping at its antenna. In our research, we have focused on developing methods to jointly decode the ambient signal transmitted by a legacy system and the backscattered signal at the receiver. This work is done in collaboration with University of Houston (Prof. Zhu Han and Pan Miao) in Academy of Finland – NSF WiFIUS research program project AIMHIS. Our analysis suggest that in a fading channel, the presence of AmBC nodes increase the total achievable rate in the system. This excess capacity can be shared between the AmBC and legacy systems.
  
• Quantum backscatter communications (QBC)
  Quantum illumination (QI) is a revolutionary photonic quantum sensing paradigm that enhances the sensitivity of photodetection in noisy and lossy environments. The scheme is not limited to any particular frequency and has been demonstrated in microwave domain as well. Just like the backscatter communications bears close resemblance with radar, the quantum backscatter communciations scheme proposed by us is similar to the quantum radar. Our research work aims at investigating the possibilities of using QI to enhance the backscatter communications in extremely low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Our first paper on the topic is 
  

Dr. Ossi Kaltiokallio, Dr. Hüseyin Yiğitler

• Device free localization (DFL)
  In recent years, Received Signal Strength based DFL has emerged as an attractive technology for passive indoor localization and a comprehensive number of works have proven its accuracy in indoor environments. However, multipath propagation and improper modeling of the indoor propagation channel degrade the performance of these works significantly. The objective of our research is to  and to mitigate the undesirable effects of multipath propagation. The research also focuses on developing algorithms to enable real world DFL deployments. Through these contributions, the research enables improvements in localization accuracy, cost efficiency and usability of DFL.  This work is done in Academy of Finland funded “RF Inference” project.
• Respiration rate monitoring
  Besides DFL, we have applied the improved models to develop novel estimation methods for human respiration rate estimation based on received signal strength measurements.